RTI uses cookies to offer you the best experience online. By clicking “accept” on this website, you opt in and you agree to the use of cookies. If you would like to know more about how RTI uses cookies and how to manage them please view our Privacy Policy here. You can “opt out” or change your mind by visiting: http://optout.aboutads.info/. Click “accept” to agree.
Screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force
Feltner, C., Peat, C., Reddy, S., Riley, S., Berkman, N., Middleton, J. C., Balio, C., Coker-Schwimmer, M., & Jonas, D. E. (2022). Screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 327(11), 1068-1082. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.1807
IMPORTANCE Eating disorders are associated with adverse health and social outcomes.
OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and trial registries through December 19, 2020; surveillance through January 1, 2022.
STUDY SELECTION English-language studies of screening test accuracy, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of screening or interventions for eating disorders in populations with screen-detected or previously untreated eating disorders (trials limited to populations who are underweight were ineligible).
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality. Meta-analysis of test accuracy studies and intervention trials.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Test accuracy, eating disorder symptom severity, quality of life, depression, and harms.
RESULTS Fifty-seven studies were included (N = 10 773); 3 (n = 1073) limited to adolescents (mean or median age, 14-15 years). No study directly evaluated the benefits and harms of screening. Seventeen studies (n = 6804) evaluated screening test accuracy. The SCOFF questionnaire (cut point >= 2) had a pooled sensitivity of 84%(95% CI, 74% to 90%) and pooled specificity of 80% (95% CI, 65% to 89%) in adults (10 studies, n = 3684). Forty RCTs (n = 3969) evaluated interventions for eating disorders; none enrolled a screen-detected population. Lisdexamfetamine for binge eating disorder (4 RCTs; n = 900) was associated with larger reductions in eating disorder symptom severity on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for binge eating (YBOCS-BE) than placebo (pooled mean difference, -5.75 [95% CI, -8.32 to -3.17]). Two RCTs (n = 465) of topiramate for binge eating disorder found larger reductions in YBOCS-BE scores associated with topiramate than placebo, from -6.40 (95% CI, -8.16 to -4.64) to -2.55 (95% CI, -4.22 to -0.88). Nine pharmacotherapy trials (n = 2006) reported on harms. Compared with placebo, lisdexamfetamine was associated with higher rates of dry mouth, headache, and insomnia, and topiramate was associated with higher rates of paresthesia, taste perversion, confusion, and concentration difficulty. Twenty-four trials (n = 1644) assessed psychological interventions. Guided self-help for binge eating disorder improved eating disorder symptom severity more than control (pooled standardized mean difference, -0.96 [95% CI, -1.26 to -0.67]) (5 studies, n = 391). Evidence on other interventions was limited.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE No studies directly assessed the benefits and harms of screening. The SCOFF questionnaire had adequate accuracy for detecting eating disorders among adults. No treatment trials enrolled screen-detected populations; guided self-help, lisdexamfetamine, and topiramate were effective for reducing eating disorder symptom severity among referred populations with binge eating disorder, but pharmacotherapies were also associated with harms.
