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Risk factors and mortality in infants who received bag and mask ventilation at birth
a secondary analysis from the global network maternal newborn health registry
Aghai, Z. H., Kavi, A., Thorsten, V. R., Somannavar, M. S., Bhat, R., McClure, E. M., Babineau, D. C., Patel, A. B., Saleem, S., Dhaded, S. M., Ramdurg, U. Y., Wylie, B. J., Mazariegos, M., Tshefu, A. K., Carlo, W. A., Krebs, N. F., Petri, W. A., Hibberd, P. L., Asturias, E. J., ... Derman, R. J. (2026). Risk factors and mortality in infants who received bag and mask ventilation at birth: a secondary analysis from the global network maternal newborn health registry. Journal of Perinatology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-026-02732-8
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for bag and mask ventilation (BMV) and compare mortality outcomes between infants who did and did not receive BMV.
STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from the seven sites of the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health registry, including fresh stillbirths and live births ≥ 1500 grams from 2017 to 2023.
RESULTS: A total of 171 279 births (98.9% live births, 1.1% fresh stillbirths) were included. BMV was administered in 3.9% of cases. Maternal education, labor complications, delivery location, and prematurity were identified as major risk factors for receiving BMV. Adjusted relative risks (95% CI) for very early neonatal mortality with BMV was 26.18 (23.02-29.79), early neonatal mortality 19.08 (17.40-20.93), neonatal mortality 14.23 (13.08,15.49, mortality < 42 days 12.86 (11.84,13.97) and asphyxia-related deaths was and 2.42 (2.11, 2.77).
CONCLUSION: These finding underscore the importance of early identification of maternal and perinatal factors associated with receiving BMV to improve neonatal outcomes.
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