Prevalence and risk outcomes of overheating, fire and explosion incidents related to electronic nicotine delivery systems

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies have documented overheating, fire and explosion (OFE) incidents related to the use of lithium-ion batteries in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). These incidents can lead to property damage, injuries and even death. Most incidents are not reported to the US Food and Drug Administration, and those that are reported frequently lack sufficient information to convey the acute risks and pinpoint mitigation strategies.

METHODS: A convenience sample of 6010 adults who used ENDS completed a self-administered online survey about their ENDS device and battery, use behaviours and any experience of OFE incidents. The data were calibrated to estimate population-level statistics for US adults who use ENDS.

RESULTS: Approximately half the respondents reported experiencing an OFE incident. About one-third reported having experienced a serious OFE incident (ie, overheating that caused visible damage to the device/battery, other property damage or burns; fire; explosion). A total of 4.8% of respondents who used ENDS reported that they or someone else had experienced an injury because of a serious OFE incident, and 1.1% reported that medical care was required.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of OFE incidents and potential risk factors, our findings suggest incidents are underreported and reporting systems could capture them in greater detail. Complete information on the device characteristics, use behaviours and outcomes associated with incidents may inform preventive actions by individuals, public education and regulatory activities.